1
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2023
  

[.(i):     ]
(   )
 :    : 80
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.              
2.   '    :
(a)   
()   
(c)       ?
(d)          ?
-
3.   '  :
(a)        
()       
2
Easy2Siksha
(c)      
(d)      
4.            2nd   3
     
-
5.      /   :
(a) 
() 
(c) 
(d)  
6.          

-
7.   '      '      
8.              
     
3
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2023
  

[.(i):     ]
(   )
 :    : 80
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.              
:         
       -            
                  
  
  ,           
   "  "         
 
    
 
           
    

     
       
; 
  '               
 
                  '
       
        
          :
4
Easy2Siksha
1.   
o :      " ."   ,   
               
   ,  
   "    ," 
 
    
o :    
    
   
 ,  
         
  ""
 ,              ,
      
 
 
    
   
o :  
 , "    ," 
    
  
""     ,  
    
  
o :    
      

   
     
,  
" 
  "      ,    

2. -  
o : -      "A       A  A
 
 "   ,        
 
o :    
   
   
 
      ,       

  ,  
 , "  ' ,"     

  "  ' 
"  
o :  
 , "    ,"  -  
       
   "  
 "  
       
o :-           
               
   , 
       , 
    
3.      
o :         "  A  
A   
"        ,     ,   
()            


5
Easy2Siksha
o :             ,
    :     ,    
  
 
  ,  
 , "  ,"    
 ,    ;   

o : 
 , "  ,"       
            
()   
   

o :             
        
   
 
     ,          
  
               
 
-             '  
;   ,             
 "  "    
    
     
  
1. - :   - ,      
    
   ,  
       
.  , 
            

  ,   -   -     
2.   :   " "   ,   
               
    
 
    '   '   
3. :        '   ,  
,
, ,            

      ,      

4.    :    ,    
.  
      ,  
, 
,            
          
             
;  
               
 :
1.    :         
       
       
6
Easy2Siksha
   ,      
 
    
  

2.   :     , 
    
     '   
  
   
       ,  
     
     ,  
   
      
3.   :          
     
      ,  
 

               
 ,  
      ,  
 
   
     ,         
4.      :     
      , 
  '    
  '         
    
     
5.  -:      ,   
   
     ,     
              
,  
            ,  
-
            
6. -   :    -    
  
      , 
  
    ,      ,      
 
      ,    '    , 
    ,          
7.  : ,      '   
 
                
  ,          
      ,        

             '  
 ,                
          
   :
1.  :               
-   ,            
7
Easy2Siksha
           ,  ,  
    ,          
2. : ,   " ,"      
    "   ."    ,      ,
              
            
3.  :         
         '  
 
 ,   , -     
 
,          
   ,           
      
  
              ' ,
      '       -, -,
    -, , , ,      
       ,     
          
      
               
2.   '    :
(a)   
()   
(c)       ?
(d)          ?
: (a)   
                  
    
              
               

       '   
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Easy2Siksha
     :
1.  :            
 ,      .  ,  "   " ( )
 "   " ( ),  "  " ( )
2.  :            , 
      , 
  '        
,       
,    
 
   
              
               
     , 
   
     


  , ,      -   
   
             
()   
 ,               
 
              
           :   
1.   :    
    
   
    ,   "   ,"   "" 
2.  :-         ,
""     
         
  
  ,           :
    ,    
 ,   "" 
" "
        
 ,   "," "" 
" "
           ,  
""  ""
             
        ,         
      
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(c)       ?
               
           
1. :       
  -     
  '        ,     "" 
 ,  ""    
      
      
2. :   ,    
        
 ""  -        , ""    
  , , ,         
  :
 =            ( ,   
)
 =         (, "- ,"
"")
      
       
   
        ,   
     
   ,    , 

      
   
(d)           ?
           
 -   
  ,    ,          
    
1.   ,   :  
       (
),     '    ( )  , ""
 '    
"- "  ""    
,     ""         ""  
 '    (
    
),      

2.   ,   :  ,  
    
  (
),     '     ( ).  ,  
""    ""   
 ,  
   ""
'   ,            ,
    
   -     '   
10
Easy2Siksha
       
         
               
       
   ,      
      
     

 ,         ,      
              '   ,
                 ,
      ,         

               
             
 , 
              
 
-
3.   '  :
(a)        
()       
(c)      
(d)      
: ()        
 ,                 
          :   

:              ()  
   ()    

:               
()    ()    
        :
1.  - (A):           
    . : "   "
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Easy2Siksha
o ,  ""     ,       
 
2.   (E):            
 
 : “   
  

o            ,    
    

3.  - (I):             
    : "    "
o        ,         

4.   (O):            
     : "   
 "
o      '            
    
    :
      '  :
: ()   ()
:- (    )   (   
)
          ,      
()       
             :     
     ,            
  
    :
1.  :     
2.  :           
3. :     
 :
 :   
 :   
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Easy2Siksha
:  
   
   ( )  ,        :
1.   -       :
o             - 
           
o : "   "  "   ,"   
" "         
 ,   
   
2.        ,      
 :
o     ()       ,  
          
o : 
     "   ,"    
       ,    
3.       
 :
o      (    ),    
  
o :"   
"  "   
" 
  
  
        
4.     ,      :
o         ,      

o :"   
"  "   "   '
   "  
"
5.       
 :
o             ,    

  
o : "    "  "   "  
' 

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Easy2Siksha
6.     ,     '   :
o             ,  
        ,  
o :"   "  "   "   
   ,   "   "
(c)      
            :
1.      .
2.     
    
   ""   ,     
  
  :
  ( ):
"   ."
  :
1.       : "   ."
2.  : " - - ."
:
" - - ."
            ,     , 
   
:
          ,     
,        
(d)      
                
    :
1.     (  ,   )
2.      (       )
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  :
  ( ):
"   ."
  :
1.  : "  - 
"
o -      
2.     :
o "" "-"   
 :
"  - 
"
:
       '     ,       
      ,       
:
              
      
:
    :   (  )  
(  )   '    ,    
 :  ,  ,  -,  

 :            ,  
        
:          , 
        
:            
  ,    ,    
           , -  
 , ,            
  
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4.            2nd   3
     
: ,             : 
         ,      ( ) 
                
           
  , 
    2   3 ,    
   ,           
  
1.     ?
       :
1.  :          (, "   ")
2.  :          ( , "
  ")
3. :         ( , " ,   ")
       :
 :  
 :   .
 :             

    :
 :    ( =  )
 :    ( =  )
: ,   .
2.     
   ""            
  ,    , 
 2   3 '     
 1:              
 2:       
 3:      
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 4:          
3.     
      ,       :
1.   :       - , ,  -
        
2.    :    '        
     
3.    :           
     
4.    
   ""           
       :
-:  ( S P )
-:  ( S 
P)
-: - ( S P  )
-:  ( S P 
)
    ,  ,       
      ,     ,  
  ,          AEO
    
5.     2
 2 ,             
 '              : AEE
 EIO
 2   AEE  :
  (A): 
      
  ():   -  

 (): ,     

:     
      
    " - "      ,  
  '    
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 2   EIO  :
  ():   

  (I): 
    
 (O): ,    

:  2         ""  
   ,        ,    
 .
6.     3
 3 ,               
 
        : AII  IAI
 3   AII  :
  (A):   .
  (I):    
 (I): ,      
:    
   ""       
      
   ()    
 3   IAI  :
  (I):   
  (A):   
 (I): ,    .
:         ""    
 ,        
7.    
     ,        :
1.   :        : , 
            
2.    :   -       
    
 ,     
    
     
 
3.  :              
           
    

            
,   

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4.   :       
 
     (E  O ) ,     
 
      
  
5.   :     ,     
    ,    - ,    -   
6.   :     (I  O ),      
           
8.  2   3    
 2   3  , 
       
       ,    ,     
          
 2 , 
  AEE  EIO     
    
   ,          
    
 3 , AII  IAI     
      ' 
  ,       '  

 2   3    -    ,  
               
      
         ,
             '    

 ,           
  '              
               
  
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-
5.      /   :
(a) 
() 
(c) 
(d)  
: ,   ,  ,        
    '          ,
()  : 
  (17481832)           
    '               
            
 :
1.   :          
   ,      
    
 
 ""    ,          
  
2. Hedonistic Calculus:          
          
  
        :
o   .
o   .
o   .
o  (    )
o  (       )
o  (     )
3.  :           
  ,   ,       ' 
  
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Easy2Siksha
4. :          
'          ,   
,         '      
       
  ,         '   , 
 '                   
     
()   :  ()
   (1806-1873)     '    
         '  ,      '  
 :
1.    :  ()    ()     
           .  ,  
                
  , "          ;    
      "
2.  :          (
   '  ),       , 
         '        
            
        , 
       
     
3.   :        
            
      ,         
     ,          
   
4.   :           
           ,    
 

         
      '   
  ,         '   ,    
            
     
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(c)  :    ()
 ,    ,       , ,  
 '              
 ,             
 :
1.  ():        ,   
   
          ' 
           (   
       ),      
       
2.   ( ):  ,     

              
               
 ,    
3. :             
      
  -      
   
,   
 
           
        
4.     : ,      ( )
              

  -
          ()   
  ,         ,     '  

5.   :      ()    
               
    ,       
  ,         ,  
             
    ,         '
   
(d)  
                
           ,  
   ,   -      
 '   
22
Easy2Siksha
    :
1. :  ,  ,      
    ,   , ,  , 
        
2.  :         
    , ,   ,  
         
3.   :        '
     , ,   , ,   
          
4.  :            ,
,         -  
  ,          
     
5.  :          ,    
 , ,   ,   '      
      ,         
  
     :
        '   ( ,  
          )?
           
,     '  ?
         ?
      :
        (       
),  (- ),    ( '  ) '
    :
               
 ,         
         ,   
     
  
23
Easy2Siksha
      '   ,   ,
     '   

, ,  ,              
                 
'   ,              -
     ,       
     -    
 , -  
      
  -      
     
           
6.          

18
           
            '     
             
    ,          
 '      ,        
  ,  
            ,   
 
       
   :   
      ,       
   :
     :          
              
'   ,           
   :  ,          "
"               
24
Easy2Siksha
          ,   ,   ' 
   ,    
      
  : ,        
            
,    
,     
   
     ,  
 
         
     
 
    , 
      ,   
  
   ?
             
 ,     :
:               
, "  "   
l:          ',   ',  , 
         '  
   
    ,       
     
      , "
    ,  
   "     
     
   '   
  ,           '      
                 ,
    
   '       
   
             
     (  )         
      
     :
   ,           
   (   )
,   : "            
   ?"   ,    -  ',   ,
 ,          ?
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Easy2Siksha
  "" ,     '     "
" ,   
 '  
     
   
           
 ()   : "      
 ."
,   ,    : "          
     ?"
           ,    .    '
 
 
          ,  
      
    '  
.    
 ,    '  
 
 ,            
    
   
  
   
                  
(  )          ,     
    
 
     :
 ""             ,
   , ,   '   
 ""               ,
          
           ,    
   
               , 
   
        
    ,         
     
   
        
   
,          , 
    
        ,          '
         ,    '   


  "   "   
   - 
   
   
  
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Easy2Siksha
    
            
     ,  ""      ,    
               
  ,       ,       
 ,               
         
     ,   
   
      
  ,         
              
           
       
         
   
 ,       
-     
        ,       
,              
 
        :     
              
       
    , 
 
  
 
       ,  
   
 ,  
     ,  
    ,  
 ,     
 ,               
 
               
     ,               
        ,         ,
   
            
  
     
        '      
 ,     ,     '   ,    
       
            '     
  -      
   
  
27
Easy2Siksha


     

  

     
            , 
         
,                

     '   ,    '   
   ,      '         ,
    '             
 ,        

 ,           ,   
           ,      '
                
  '     ,        
  ,          
, ,      - '   , 
                 
        ,     
        ,       -
    
-
7.   '      '      
:              
         - -   
 ,            
   -          
   
 :  
       :
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1. :           
'              '   
            , 
      ,      '  
  
2. :              
              
 ,            
              
 
3. -: "   "          
            
         
4. :             
  
        ,     
  ,  ,       ,   
       ,     ,  
            
5. :           
               
          
     
       ,      
6.  :          
 -           
  '         ,   ,
    ,        
    
            euthanasia,    
               
    '    , 
      ,
,              
 
Euthanasia  
1.  :          
  ,          
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  -   
        ,   
   
 
2.  :          
 ,          ,  
 '          '  
 , 
              
 
3.   :       ,      
   ,           ,    
           ,    
     
4.  :            
     '   -    , 
  
         
5. -    (PAS):       
        ,       
 ,         PAS     
    ,   , ,  
     
         ,    :
1. :           
   ,           
                 
        
         
   
2.   -:            
      , 
         
                
        ( )  - (   )
      
 , ,        ,       ,
-      , 
         
                
    '    
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Easy2Siksha
3.   :           
 ,              

          -
   ,       '    
   
      
4.   :             
     ,  -      
               ,
    ,     ,   '     
          
5.     :           '
                
                
  ,    '       
       
                   '
 
             ,   
           
    
            '   ,    
   ,     
    ,
     ,    ,      
1.       : , , ,  
  ,  -         - 
  '           ,   
 ,       ,      
          
2.      -  :      
  (      ),   -   
 ,         
 , 
              
3.    :-        -
     ,   ,    
,     '     
     
  ,       ,     -
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         
  
      
          ,     
            '     
               
   
              
,        ,       
                 ,

                   

             
  ,            
             , , , 
     
           
     '   ,       '  
  
            
, 
   , 
     ,       
    , 
        
           
8.              
     
:          :  
               
 -  ,   ,       
            ,  
     ,        
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               
 
1.       -
 :    
     
          , ,
 ,   '        

 :      ,   
           , ,
,      '  
     '   ,         
    
2.       
     
       '  
       ,       
        
    
1.   :        
   , ,         
            
 -  
2.    (CSR):      
               ' 
  ,         
3.   :    ,  ,   
  '           ' ,  
 ,     
4.   :       
            
  
5.    :      
             
    
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Easy2Siksha
6.   :      
              
       
    
1.    :          
           
,       
2.   :   ,       , 
   , ,      '   
    
3. - :      
           , , 
   
4.  :    '      
          '     
     
 
5.    :          
           
 
6.   :      ,    ,
    ,   ,    
    
3.        
      -          
                
     
     
1.   :     -      
     , ,     

        
2. :           
      ,        ,
          
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3. :       ,   
       
4.   :  ,      
        
5.    :    ,  ,  
              
      
6.    :            
          ,      
 
     
1.   :     
       ,     
   ,   ,      
  
2. :            
           
         
3. :          
,            
 
 
4. :             
  ,           
    
5.   :          
              
        
6.   :           
          
4.      
       -     ,  
    :
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:             
         
 ,   
-     
:           '   ,
  ,          
   
:            
 ,            
 ,   ,         
 
:    ,       ,
   ,        , 
 ,           
 
5.      
    ,         
   :
  :      ,     
          -    
  ,         
      ,       
          
:  ,   , ,      
 ,   , ,     
 : ,          
   
   ,      
          ,  
          
6. 
           
  
    ,          
,      -   ,  
     -        ,
 ,       '   ,   
    ,  ,   '  
36
Easy2Siksha
                
  
:      Ai      ( )      
         , 
  '        
